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Nomor 11
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to main Partai 1-16 page Nomor 11 PARTAI DEMOKRASI INDONESIA PERJUANGAN (PDI PERJUANGAN)  Asas: Pancasila Didirikan/dideklarasikan: Jakarta, 10 Januari 1973 Alamat: Jl Lenteng Agung No 99 Jakarta Selatan Telepon: (021) 7802824, 7806020 Ketua Umum: Megawati Soekarnoputri Sekretaris Jenderal: Alexander Litaay Partai Demokrasi Indonesia Perjuangan (PDI Perjuangan) lahir melalui pertikaian panjang di tubuh PDI yang tak kunjung reda. Puncaknya terjadi pada Kongres PDI 20-21 Juni 1996 di Medan, ketika beberapa anggota pimpinan PDI secara terang-terangan mengabaikan kepemimpinan PDI yang saat itu dipegang oleh Megawati. Kondisi ini kemudian memaksa sebagian pendukung PDI menyelenggarakan Kongres di Bali (Oktober 1998) untuk meneguhkan keberadaan mereka yang ingin berdiri sendiri terpisah dari PDI pimpinan Budi Hardjono. PDI hasil Kongres Bali yang kemudian diketuai oleh Megawati ini akhirnya sepakat menambah kata "Perjuangan" di belakang kata PDI untuk membedakan dengan PDI lainnya. Seperti yang diamanatkan oleh Kongres V di Bali, maka partai ini bertekad memenangkan Pemilu 1999 serta menunjuk Megawati Soekarnoputri sebagai calon presiden pada sidang umum MPR 1999. Satu hal yang diserukan oleh partai ini adalah terus mempertahankan bentuk negara kesatuan seperti yang dicita-citakan sebelumnya. |
Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle
Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
|
Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle
Partai Demokrasi Indonesia Perjuangan |
|
|---|---|
 |
|
| Chairman | Megawati Sukarnoputri |
| General Secretary | Hasto Kristiyanto |
| Founded | July 30, 1998 |
| Split from | Indonesian Democratic Party |
| Headquarters | Jakarta |
| Ideology | Pancasila Marhaenism Social Democracy |
| International affiliation | Progressive Alliance[1] |
| Regional affiliation | Council of Asian Liberals and Democrats |
| Ballot number | 4 |
| Seats in DPR |
106 / 560
|
| Website | |
| www |
|
PDI-P was founded and is currently led by Megawati Sukarnoputri, president of Indonesia from 2001 to 2004, and daughter of Sukarno, the first president of Indonesia. Megawati was forced out from the leadership of the Indonesian Democratic Party (PDI) by the government of Indonesia under Suharto in 1996. Megawati formed PDI-P in 1999, after Suharto resigned and restrictions on political parties were lifted.
The party's centre-left ideology is based on the official Indonesian national philosophy, Pancasila[2] incorporating elememts of both liberalism and social democracy. It is a member of the Council of Asian Liberals and Democrats and Progressive Alliance.
Contents
- 1 Origins
- 2 History
- 2.1 1999 Legislative Elections
- 2.2 1999 People's Consultative Assembly (MPR) General Session
- 2.3 2000 Party Congress
- 2.4 PDI-P during Wahid's Presidency
- 2.5 Further splits within the party
- 2.6 2004 Legislative Elections
- 2.7 2004 Presidential Elections
- 2.8 2005 Party Congress
- 2.9 2009 Legislative Election
- 2.10 2009 Presidential Election
- 2.11 2014 Presidential Election
- 3 Regional strength
- 4 Chairperson
- 5 Election results
- 6 External links
- 7 References
Origins
At the 1993 National Congress, Megawati Sukarnoputri was elected Chairperson of the Indonesian Democratic Party, one of the three political parties recognised by President Suharto's "New Order" government. This result was not recognised by the Government and they continued to push for Budi Harjono, their candidate for the Chairpersonship to be elected. A Special Congress was held where the Government expected to have Harjono elected, but Megawati once again emerged as elected leader. Her position was consolidated further when a PDI National Assembly ratified the results of the Congress.In June 1996, another National Congress was held in the city of Medan, to which Megawati was not invited; anti-Megawati members were in attendance. With the Government's backing, Suryadi, a former Chairperson was re-elected as PDI's Chairperson. Megawati refused to acknowledge the results of this congress and continued to see herself as the rightful leader of PDI.
On the morning of 27 July 1996, Suryadi threatened to take back PDI's Headquarters in Jakarta.[3] Suryadi's supporters (reportedly with the Government's backing) attacked the PDI Headquarters and faced resistance from Megawati supporters who had been stationed there since the National Congress in Medan. In the ensuing fight, Megawati's supporters managed to hold on to the headquarters. A riot ensued—at that stage considered the worst that Jakarta had seen during the "New Order" years—which was followed by a Government crackdown, which later blamed the riots on the People's Democracy Party (PRD). Despite being overthrown as Chairperson by Suryadi and the Government, the event lifted Megawati's profile immensely, providing both sympathy and national popularity.
PDI was now divided into two factions, Megawati's faction and Suryadi's faction. Megawati's faction had wanted to participate in the 1997 Legislative Elections, but the Government only recognized Suryadi's faction. In the 1997 Legislative Elections, Megawati and her supporters threw their support behind the United Development Party leaving PDI to with 3% of the votes. Following Suharto's resignation and the lifting of the "New Order" restriction to three national political parties, Megawati declared the formation of PDI-P, adding the suffix perjuangan ("struggle") to differentiate her faction of PDI from the Government backed one. Megawati was elected Chairperson of PDI-P and was nominated for Indonesian President in 1999.
History
1999 Legislative Elections
PDI-P was by far the most popular political party coming into the 1999 Legislative Elections. With 33% of the votes, PDI-P emerged victorious.1999 People's Consultative Assembly (MPR) General Session
As the 1999 MPR General Session loomed closer, it was expected that PDI-P would once again play the dominant role. However, despite winning the Legislative Elections, PDI-P did not have absolute majority. Despite this however, PDI-P never formed a coalition with any of the other political parties in the lead up to the 1999 MPR General Session. The closest thing PDI-P had to a coalition was a loose alliance with Abdurrahman Wahid's National Awakening Party (PKB).The Presidency looked set to be contested by Megawati and the then incumbent BJ Habibie of Golkar who was looking for a second term. However, MPR Chairman Amien Rais had other ideas as he formed a coalition called the Central Axis which consisted of Muslim Parties. Amien also announced that he would like to nominate Wahid as President. PKB, their alliance with PDI-P never cemented, now moved over to the Central Axis. Golkar then joined this coalition after Habibie's accountability speech was rejected and he withdrew from the race.
It came down to Megawati and Wahid. Wahid, with a powerful coalition backing him was elected as Indonesia's 4th President with 373 votes to Megawati's 313.
The PDI-P supporters were outraged. As the winners of the Legislative Elections, they expected to win the Presidential Elections also. PDI-P masses began rioting in cities such as Jakarta, Solo and Medan. The normally peaceful Bali was also involved in pro-Megawati protests. Wahid then realized that there was a need to recognize PDI-P's status as the winners of the Legislative Elections. With that, he encouraged Megawati to run for the Vice Presidency.
Megawati rejected this offer when she saw that she had to face opponents such as United Development Party's (PPP) Hamzah Haz and Golkar's Akbar Tanjung and Wiranto. After some politicking by Wahid, Akbar and Wiranto withdrew from the race. Wahid also ordered PKB to throw their weight behind Megawati. Megawati was now confident and competed in the Vice Presidential elections. She was elected as Vice President with 396 votes to Hamzah's 284.
2000 Party Congress
The First PDI-P Congress was held in Semarang, Central Java in April 2000, during which Megawati was re-elected as the Chairperson of PDI-P for a 2nd term.The congress was noted as one where Megawati consolidated her position within PDI-P by taking harsh measures to remove potential rivals.[4] During the election for the Chairperson, two other candidates emerged in the form of Eros Djarot and Dimyati Hartono. Eros and Dimyati ran for the Chairpersonship because they did not want Megawati to hold the PDI-P Chairpersonship while concurrently being Vice President.
For Eros, when finally received his nomination from the South Jakarta branch, membership problems arose and made his nomination void. Eros was then not allowed to go and participate in the congress. Disillusioned with what he perceived to be a cult of personality developing around Megawati, Eros left PDI-P. In July 2002, he formed the Freedom Bull National Party.
For Dimyati, although his candidacy was not opposed as harshly as Djarot's, he was removed from his position as Head of PDI-P's Central Branch. He kept his position as a People's Representative Council (DPR) member but retired in February 2002. In April 2002, Dimyati formed the Our Homeland of Indonesia Party (PITA).
PDI-P during Wahid's Presidency
Although it had not supported Wahid to the Presidency, PDI-P members received ministerial positions in his cabinet because of Megawati's position as Vice President. As time went on, much like the Central Axis that had supported Wahid, PDI-P would grow disillusioned with Wahid. In April 2000, Laksamana Sukardi, a PDI-P member who held position as Minister of Investments and State Owned Enterprises was sacked from his position. When PDI-P enquired as to why this was done, Wahid claimed it was because of corruption but never backed up his claim.The relationship improved somewhat when later in the year, Wahid authorized Megawati as the Vice President to manage the day-to-day running of the Government. However, Megawati and PDI-P had slowly but surely started to distance themselves from Wahid and join forces with the Central Axis. Finally, in July 2001 at a Special Session of the MPR, Wahid was removed as President. Megawati was then elected as President to replace him with Hamzah as her Vice President.
Further splits within the party
PDI-P faced further splits after Megawati became President with more disillusioned members leaving the party.Two of these members were Megawati's own sisters. In May 2002, Sukmawati Sukarnoputri formed the Indonesian National Party Marhaenism (PNI-Marhaenisme). This was followed in November 2002, with Rachmawati Sukarnoputri declaring the formation of the Pioneers' Party (PP).
2004 Legislative Elections
By 2004, the reformist sentiments that had led PDI-P to victory in the 1999 Legislative Elections had died down. Many were disappointed with what Reformation had achieved thus far and were also disappointed with Megawati's Presidency. This was reflected in the 2004 legislative election, PDI-P obtained 18.5% of the total vote, down from the 33.7% it obtained during the 1999 legislative election. [3]2004 Presidential Elections
PDI-P nominated Megawati as its Presidential candidate for the 2004 Presidential Election.Many running mates were considered, including Hamzah Haz (To renew their partnership from), Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, and Jusuf Kalla (the eventual winners). Finally, Megawati elected Nahdatul Ulama Chairman Hasyim Muzadi as her running mate. It was expected that Megawati would appeal to nationalist sentiments while Hasyim would appeal to Islamist ones. In the first round of elections, Megawati/Hasyim came second to Yudhoyono/Kalla.
To improve Megawati's chances in the run-off, PDI-P, formed a coalition with PPP, Golkar, Reform Star Party (PBR) and Prosperous Peace Party (PDS) in August 2004. However Megawati and Hasyim were convincingly beaten in the run-off against Yudhoyono/Kalla.
The National Coalition then turned their eyes on being opposition for the Yudhoyono/Kalla Government in DPR. With Kalla's election as Chairman of Golkar, Golkar defected onto the Government's side, leaving PDI-P as the only major opposition party in the DPR.
2005 Party Congress
On 28 March 2005, the Second PDI-P Congress was held in Sanur, Bali where Megawati was re-elected to the Chairpersonship of PDI-P for a 3rd term. Her brother, Guruh Sukarnoputra, was chosen as head of the party's Education and Culture department.This congress was noted for the formation of a faction called the Renewal of PDI-P Movement. This movement called for a renewal of the party leadership if it is to win the 2009 Legislative Elections. Although they attended the Congress, the members of the Renewal of the PDI-P movement left once Megawati was re-elected. In December 2005, these same members would form the Democratic Renewal Party (PDP).
2009 Legislative Election
The party came third in the 2009 legislative election with 14.0 percent of the votes. It had 95 seats in the People's Representative Council.[5][6]2009 Presidential Election
Again Megawati was chosen as the presidential candidate, this time with a coalition between the Great Indonesia Movement Party and PDI-P themselves, with Prabowo Subianto as the vice-presidential candidate. Again, they lost to Yudhoyono, with Boediono as vice-president. PDI-P went second by 26,6%.2014 Presidential Election
In March 2014 the party nominated Jakarta governor Joko Widodo as its presidential candidate, with Jusuf Kalla as the vice-presidential candidate.Eventually, they won with the votes of 53.15% to their side.[7]Regional strength
In the legislative election held on 9 April 2009, support for the PDI-P was higher than the party's national average in the following provinces:- Bangka-Belitung Islands 21.1%
- West Java 14.7%
- Central Java 21.9%
- Yogyakarta 15.7%
- East Java 16.2%
- West Kalimantan 22.9%
- Central Kalimantan 24.9%
- Bali 40.1%
- West Papua 31.6%
- North Sulawesi 23.4%
Chairperson
- Megawati Sukarnoputri (1999– )
Election results
Legislative election results
| Election | Total seats won | Total votes | Share of votes | Outcome of election | Election leader |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1999 |
153 / 462
|
35,689,073 | 33.74% |  153 seats, Government |
Megawati Sukarnoputri |
| 2004 |
109 / 550
|
21,026,629 | 18.53% |  44 seats, Opposition |
Megawati Sukarnoputri |
| 2009 |
95 / 560
|
14,600,091 | 14.03% | 14 seats, Opposition |
Megawati Sukarnoputri |
| 2014 |
109 / 560
|
23,681,471 | 18.95% | 14 seats, Government |
Megawati Sukarnoputri |
Presidential election results
| Election | Candidate | Running mate | 1st round (Total votes) |
Share of votes | Outcome | 2nd round (Total votes) |
Share of votes | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2004 | Megawati Sukarnoputri | Hasyim Muzadi | 31,569,104 | 26.61% | Runoff | 44,990,704 | 39.38% | Lost  |
| 2009 | Megawati Sukarnoputri | Prabowo Subianto | 32,548,105 | 26.79% | Lost |
|||
| 2014 | Joko Widodo | Jusuf Kalla | 70,997,833 | 53.15% | Elected  |
|||
External links
- (Indonesian) 1999 Legislative Elections Profile
- (Indonesian) Article on Megawati/Hasyim
References
- Bastian, Abdul Qowi; Putri, Adelia Anjani (14 March 2014). "Official: Joko Widodo Named 2014 Presidential Candidate by Megawati". The Jakarta Globe. Retrieved 15 March 2014.
Megawati Sukarnoputri
Megawati Sukarnoputri
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This is an Indonesian name; it does not have a family name. The name Sukarnoputri is a patronymic, and the person should be referred by the given name, Megawati.
| Megawati Sukarnoputri | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| 5th President of Indonesia | |
| In office 23 July 2001 – 20 October 2004 |
|
| Vice President | Hamzah Haz |
| Preceded by | Abdurrahman Wahid |
| Succeeded by | Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono |
| 8th Vice President of Indonesia | |
| In office 26 October 1999 – 23 July 2001 |
|
| President | Abdurrahman Wahid |
| Preceded by | Bacharuddin Jusuf Habibie |
| Succeeded by | Hamzah Haz |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 23 January 1947 Yogyakarta, Indonesia |
| Political party | Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle |
| Spouse(s) | Surendro Supjarso (Deceased 1970) Hassan Gamal Ahmad Hassan (1972) Taufiq Kiemas (1973–2013 - his death) |
| Children | Mohammad Rizki P Mohammad Prananda Puan Maharani |
| Parents | Sukarno Fatmawati |
| Alma mater | Padjadjaran University University of Indonesia (both ended in dropout) |
| Religion | Sunni Islam |
| Signature |  |
pronunciation (help·info) born 23 January 1947), generally known as Megawati, is an Indonesian politician who served as president of Indonesia from 23 July 2001 to 20 October 2004.Megawati is the leader of the Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle (PDI-P), one of Indonesia's largest political parties. She is the daughter of Indonesia's first president, Sukarno.
Megawati has been Indonesia's only female president and the sixth woman to lead a Muslim-majority country. She is also the first Indonesian leader to be born after Indonesia proclaimed independence. After serving as vice-president to Abdurrahman Wahid, Megawati became president when Wahid was removed from office in 2001. She ran for re-election in the 2004 presidential election, but was defeated by Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono. She sought a rematch in the 2009 presidential election, losing again to Yudhoyono.
Contents
Early life
President Sukarno, with his children Megawati and Guntur, while receiving Indian Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru along with his daughter Indira Gandhi.
Megawati attended Padjadjaran University in Bandung to study agriculture but dropped out in 1967 to be with her father following his fall. In 1970, the year her father died, Megawati went to the University of Indonesia to study psychology but dropped out after two years.[3] She is a practising Muslim but also follows traditional Javanese beliefs.[citation needed]
Name
Sukarnoputri (meaning 'daughter of Sukarno') is a patronymic, not a family name; Javanese often do not have family names. She is often referred to as simply Megawati or Mega, derived from Sanskrit meaning 'cloud goddess'. In a speech to the students of the Sri Sathya Sai Primary School, she mentioned that Biju Patnaik, former Chief minister of Odisha, India, named her at Sukarno's request.[4][5]Political career
Member of the Legislative Branch
In 1986, Suharto gave the status of Proclamation Hero to Sukarno in a ceremony attended by Megawati. Suharto's acknowledgment enabled the Indonesian Democratic Party (PDI), a government-sanctioned party, to campaign on Sukarno nostalgia in the lead-up to the 1987 legislative elections. Up to that time, Megawati had seen herself as a housewife, but in 1987 she joined PDI and ran for a People's Representative Council (DPR) membership.[2] PDI accepted Megawati to boost their own image. Megawati quickly became popular, her status as Sukarno's daughter offsetting her lack of oratorical skills. Although PDI came last in the elections, Megawati was elected to the DPR. Like all members of the DPR she also became a member of the People's Consultative Assembly (MPR).Chair of PDI
1995 ABC news report on the political rise of Megawati Sukarnoputri
When the Congress assembled, the Government stalled and delayed attempts to hold the election.[6] The Congress faced a deadline when their permit to assemble would run out. As the hours ticked down to the end of the Congress, troops began gathering. With only two hours remaining, Megawati called a press conference, stating that because she enjoyed the support of a majority of PDI members, she was now the de facto Chair.[6] Despite her relative lack of political experience, she was popular in part for her status as Sukarno's daughter and because she was seen as free of corruption with admirable personal qualities. Under her leadership, PDI gained a large following among the urban poor and both urban and rural middle classes.
1996 ABC news report on President Suharto's retention of power and the decreased influence of Mrs Megawati.
Suryadi began threatening to take back PDI's Headquarters in Jakarta. This threat came true during the morning of 27 July 1996.[7] Suryadi's supporters (reportedly with the Government's backing) attacked PDI Headquarters and faced resistance from Megawati supporters stationed there. In the ensuing fight, Megawati's supporters held on to the headquarters. A riot ensued, followed by a government crackdown. The Government later blamed the riots on the People's Democracy Party (PRD); they recognized Suryadi's faction as the official party and banned Megawati from competing in the 1997 legislative election.
Despite what seemed to be a political defeat, Megawati scored a moral victory and her popularity grew. When the time came for the 1997 legislative election, Megawati and her supporters threw their support behind the United Development Party (PPP), the other approved opposition party.
Reformasi
In mid-1997, Indonesia began to be affected by the Asian Financial Crisis and showed severe economic distress. By late January 1998 the rupiah fell to nearly 15,000 against the US dollar, compared to only 4,000 in early December. Combined with increasing public anger at pervasive corruption, this culminated in May 1998 with Suharto's resignation and the assumption of that office by Vice President B. J. Habibie. The restrictions on Megawati were removed and she began to consolidate her political position. In October 1998, her supporters held a National Congress whereby Megawati's PDI faction would now be known as the Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle (PDI-P). Megawati was elected Chair and was nominated as PDI-P's presidential candidate.[8]PDI-P, together with Abdurrahman Wahid's National Awakening Party (PKB) and Amien Rais' National Mandate Party (PAN), became the leading reform forces. Despite their popularity, Megawati, Wahid and Rais adopted a moderate stance, preferring to wait until the 1999 legislative elections to begin major changes.[9] In November 1998, Megawati, together with Wahid, Rais and Hamengkubuwono X reiterated their commitment to reform through the Ciganjur Statement.
As the elections approached, Megawati, Wahid and Amien considered forming a political coalition against President Habibie and Golkar. In May, Alwi Shihab held a press conference at his house during which Megawati, Wahid and Amien were to announce that they would work together. At the last minute, Megawati chose not to attend, because she decided that she could not trust Amien.[10] In June, the elections were held and PDI-P came first with 33% of the votes.
With the victory, Megawati's presidential prospects solidified. She was opposed by the United Development Party (PPP) who did not want a female president.[11] In preparation for the 1999 MPR General Session, PDI-P formed a loose coalition with PKB. As the MPR General Session approached, it seemed as if the presidential election would be contested between Megawati and Habibie, but by late June Amien had drawn the Islamic parties into a coalition called the Central Axis.[10] The presidential election became a three-way race when Amien floated the idea of nominating Wahid for president; but Wahid did not provide a clear response to the proposal.
1999 MPR General Session
Megawati's PDI-P and PKB coalition faced its first test when the MPR assembled to choose its Chair. Megawati threw her support behind Matori Abdul Djalil, the Chair of PKB. He was overwhelmingly defeated by Amien, who in addition to enjoying Central Axis support was backed by Golkar.[11] The Golkar and Central Axis coalition struck again when they secured Akbar Tanjung's election as Head of DPR. At this stage, people became wary that Megawati, who best represented reform, was going to be obstructed by the political process and that the status quo was going to be preserved. PDI-P supporters began to gather in Jakarta.Habibie made a poorly received speech on political accountability that led him to withdraw. The presidential election held on 20 October 1999 came down to Megawati and Wahid. Megawati took an early lead, but was overtaken and lost with 313 votes compared to Wahid's 373. Megawati's loss provoked her supporters to revolt.[11] Riots raged in Java and Bali. In the city of Solo, PDI-P masses attacked Amien's house.
The next day, the MPR assembled to elect the vice president. PDI-P had considered nominating Megawati, but were concerned that the Central Axis and Golkar coalition would again thwart her. Instead, PKB nominated Megawati. She faced stiff competition from Hamzah Haz, Akbar Tanjung and General Wiranto.[11] Well aware of the riots, Akbar and Wiranto withdrew. Hamzah stayed in the race, but Megawati defeated him 396 to 284. In her inauguration speech, she called for calm.
Vice presidency
Work as vice president
As vice president, Megawati had considerable authority by virtue of her commanding many seats in the DPR. Wahid delegated to her the problems in Ambon, although she was not successful.[12] By the time the MPR Annual Session assembled in August 2000, many considered Wahid to be ineffective as president or as an administrator. Wahid responded to this by issuing a presidential decree, giving Megawati day-to-day control of the government.[12]2000 PDI-P National Congress
The First PDI-P Congress was held in Semarang, Central Java in April 2000, at which Megawati was re-elected as Chair for a 2nd term.Megawati consolidated her position within PDI-P by taking harsh measures to remove potential rivals.[13] During the election for the Chair, two other candidates emerged; Eros Djarot and Dimyati Hartono. They ran because they did not want Megawati to serve concurrently as both chair and vice president. Eros' nomination from the South Jakarta branch was voided by membership problems. Eros was not allowed to participate in the Congress. Disillusioned with what he perceived to be a cult of personality developing around Megawati, Eros left PDI-P. In July 2002, he formed the Freedom Bull National Party. Although Dimyati's candidacy was not opposed as harshly as Eros, he was removed as Head of PDI-P's Central Branch. He kept his position as a People's Representative Council (DPR) member, but retired in February 2002. In April 2002, Dimyati formed the Our Homeland of Indonesia Party (PITA).
Relationship with Wahid and rise to the presidency
Main article: Post-Suharto era
Megawati had an ambivalent relationship with Wahid. During the
Cabinet reshuffle of August 2000 for example, Megawati was not present
for the announcement of the new line-up.[14] At another occasion, when the political tide began to turn against Wahid, Megawati defended him and lashed out against critics.[15]
In 2001, Megawati began to distance herself from Wahid as a Special
Session of the MPR approached and her prospects of becoming president
improved. Although she refused to make any specific comments, she showed
signs of preparing herself, holding a meeting with party leaders a day
before the Special Session was to start.Presidency
MPR Chairman Amien Rais congratulates Megawati on her appointment as president.
The rise of an icon of opposition against the Suharto regime to the presidency was initially widely welcomed, however it soon became apparent that her presidency was marked with indecisiveness, lack of clear ideological direction, and "a reputation for inaction on important policy issues".[17][18][19] The good side of slow progress of reforms and avoiding confrontations was that she stabilized the overall democratization process and relationship between legislative, executive, and military.[17]
She ran for re-election in the 2004 in the country's first direct presidential election, hoping to become the first woman elected in her own right as head of state in a Muslim-majority country. However, she was decisively defeated by Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono in the second round, by 61 percent to 39 percent,[16] on 20 September 2004. She did not attend the new president's inauguration, and never had congratulated him.[20]
Later elections
2009 general elections
On 11 September 2007 Megawati announced her candidacy in the 2009 presidential election at a PDI-P gathering. Soetardjo Soerjoguritno confirmed her willingness to be nominated as her party's presidential candidate.[21]Megawati's 2009 race was overshadowed by her calls to change Indonesia's voter registration procedure, obliquely suggesting that Yudhoyono's supporters were trying to manipulate the vote.[22] Megawati and her running mate Prabowo Subianto came in second with 26.79% of the vote.
2014 general elections
On 24. February 2012, Megawati distanced herself from polls[23][24] that placed her as a top contender for the 2014 presidential election.[25] Megawati, still Chair of PDI-P, appealed to her party at a gathering in Yogyakarta to focus on PDI-P's current priorities. Nonetheless, a domain name appears to have been registered in her name.[26] On 27 December 2012, the daily edition of the Jakarta Post hinted at a possible collaboration in the 2014 general election between the families of Megawati and President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono and their political parties, her Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle (PDI-P) and his Democratic Party respectively.[27]For 2014 general election, Megawati's party and their coalition partners nominated Joko Widodo as their candidate for president. Widodo defeated his opponent Prabowo Subianto in a close[citation needed] election. Later, the relationship between Megawati and Widodo became strained as she pushed for Police Commissary General Budi Gunawan, for the post of the Indonesian Police Chief, despite him being investigated for corruption by the Indonesian Anti Corruption Agency (KPK). Budi Gunawan was Megawati's Adjutant during her tenure as Indonesian president.[28]
Family
Megawati with husband Taufiq Kiemas and three children.
Notes
- Guerin, Bill (17 August 2002). "Indonesia's First Man". Asia Times Online. Retrieved 23 June 2009.
References
- East, Roger; Thomas, Richard (5 August 2003). Profiles of People in Power: the World's Government Leaders. Routledge. pp. 232–234. ISBN 1-85743-126-X.
Further reading
- Wichelen, Sonja van (University of Amsterdam). "Contesting Megawati: The Mediation of Islam and Nation in Times of Political Transition." (Archive) Westminster Papers in Communication and Culture. 2006 (University of Westminster, London), Vol. 3(2): 41-59. ISSN 1744-6708 (Print); 1744-6716 (Online). p. 41-59.
- Gerlach, Ricarda (2013): 'Mega' Expectations: Indonesia's Democratic Transition and First Female President. In: Derichs, Claudia/Mark R. Thompson (eds.): Dynasties and Female Political Leaders in Asia. Berlin et al.: LIT, p. 247-290.
- Skard, Torild (2014) "Megawati" in Women of power - half a century of female presidents and prime ministers worldwide. Bristol: Policy Press, ISBN 978-1-44731-578-0.
External links
 |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Megawati Sukarnoputri. |
- ." (Archive) Westminster Papers in Communication and Culture. 2006 (University of Westminster, London), Vol. 3(2): 41-59. ISSN 1744-6708 (Print); 1744-6716 (Online). p. 41-59.
- Gerlach, Ricarda (2013): 'Mega' Expectations: Indonesia's Democratic Transition and First Female President. In: Derichs, Claudia/Mark R. Thompson (eds.): Dynasties and Female Political Leaders in Asia. Berlin et al.: LIT, p. 247-290.
- Skard, Torild (2014) "Megawati" in Women of power - half a century of female presidents and prime ministers worldwide. Bristol: Policy Press, ISBN 978-1-44731-578-0.
- "Most Powerful Women 2004 #8 Megawati Sukarnoputri" at the Wayback Machine (archived 13 August 2010). Forbes.
- Karon, Tony. "The Princess Who Settled for the Presidency." TIME Magazine. Friday 27 July 2001.
- Biography of Megawati Soekarnoputri at SekolahVirtual
| Political offices | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Bacharuddin Jusuf Habibie |
Vice President of Indonesia 1999–2001 |
Succeeded by Hamzah Haz |
| Preceded by Abdurrahman Wahid |
President of Indonesia 2001–2004 |
Succeeded by Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono |
Categories:
- 1947 births
- Balinese people
- Candidates for President of Indonesia, 2009
- Children of national leaders
- Female heads of government
- Female heads of state
- Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle politicians
- Indonesian Muslims
- Indonesian women in politics
- Javanese people
- Living people
- People from Yogyakarta
- Presidents of Indonesia
- Sukarno family
- Sukarno
- Vice Presidents of Indonesia
- Women presidents
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